[History] Spectrum's Modern History of India Complete Compilation

Full Book: Spectrum Modern History of India: Click Here

• Chapter 1 Compilation of Spectrum Modern History of India: Click Here
• Chapter 2 Compilation of Spectrum Modern History of India: Click Here
• Chapter 3 Compilation of Spectrum Modern History of India: Click Here
• Chapter 4 Compilation of Spectrum Modern History of India: Click Here
• Chapter 5 Compilation of Spectrum Modern History of India: Click Here
• Chapter 6 Compilation of Spectrum Modern History of India: Click Here
• Chapter 7 Compilation of Spectrum Modern History of India: Click Here
• Chapter 8 Compilation of Spectrum Modern History of India: Click Here
• Chapter 9 Compilation of Spectrum Modern History of India: Click Here
• Chapter 10 Compilation of Spectrum Modern History of India: Click Here
• Chapter 11 Compilation of Spectrum Modern History of India: Click Here
• Chapter 12 Compilation of Spectrum Modern History of India: Click Here
• Chapter 13 Compilation of Spectrum Modern History of India: Click Here
• Chapter 14 Compilation of Spectrum Modern History of India: Click Here

Other Compilation are work in progress so for updation visit here...

Keep Calm & Download :)

[History] 200 Years of Gorkha Brigade/Anglo–Nepalese War

[Issue in News: 200 Years+Location:Nepal this year for Earthquake]

Date: 1814–1816

Location: Kingdom of Nepal
Between: Kingdom of Nepal & British East India Company

During The Governorshp in India: Lord Moira

During Prime Minister Nepal: Bhimsen Thapa

Result: East India Company victory [The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Sugauli in 1816, which ceded around a third of Nepal's territory to the British.]

They are one of the most feared soldiers in the world and have won the respects of even their enemies. The Gorkhas were integrated with the Indian Forces on April 24, 1815. Over time they have served in all theatres of war and won many military decorations. Here are some facts about the most respected regiment of the Indian Army.

The Gorkha Rifles, who have made a name for themselves across the globe with their exemplary courage and bravery, have completed 200 years of soldiering.

Brief history:

• It was raised in 1815.

• During the early 18th century, the Gorkhas from Nepal had extended their empire into Kumaon, Garhwal and Kangra Hills. This led to a confrontation with the British East India Company, resulting in the Gorkha War of 1815.

• Impressed by the fighting qualities of the Gorkhas, the East India Company offered to raise a Gorkha Regiment from the remnants of General Amar Singh Thapa’s army after the treaty of Sigauli.

• Thus, the First Nusseree (meaning friendly or loyal) Battalion came into being on April 24, 1815 at Subathu in Shimla Hills, the present home of the 14 Gorkha Training Centre.

• Since its raising, the Regiment has undergone a number of changes in its titles, the present being Third Gorkha Rifles.

• The war cry of the Battalion is “Aayo Gorkhali”.

• There are roughly around 30,000 Nepalese Gorkhas currently serving in the Indian Army’s seven Gorkha Rifles or regiments (Ist, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 8th, 9th, and 11th), each of which has five to six battalions (around 600 fighting soldiers each). The 200 years of service of the Gorkhas is also being marked by the British Army.

Facts About The Gorkha Regiment That Completes 200 Years In The Indian Army:

1. So impressed were the British by the fighting skills and valour of the Gorkha soldiers in the Anglo Nepal War of 1814-16, that they were quick to integrate them in the British Indian Army.
2. They weren’t raised as the Gorkha Regiment however. Instead it was called the Nasiri Regiment. The regiment was later renamed 1st King George’s Own Gurkha Rifles.
3. After India’s Independence, six regiments, the 1 GR, 3 GR, 4 GR, 5 GR, 8 GR and 9 GR were retained in the Indian Army, while 2nd, 6th, 7th and 10th joined the Brigade of Gurkhas in the British Army.
4. Another regiment was raised by the Indian Army, the 11 GR, to accommodate the soldiers who refused to be transferred to the British Army.
5. The Gorkha units are some of the most decorated in the Army. They have played an important role in all the wars and have won Battle Honours in Uri sector in 1947-48, Ladakh in 1962, Jammu and Kashmir in 1965 and 1971. They were also a part of the Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka.
6. The Gorkha Regiments have been awarded 3 Param Vir Chakras, 33 Maha Vir Chakras, and 84 Vir Chakras during operations.
7. The Regimental Insignia of all the Gorkha Rifles Regiments consists of a pair of crossed khukris. The khukri is a curved Nepalese knife which all Gorkha Rifles soldiers carry as a personal weapon.
8. The Gorkha Regiment also has a tradition of sacrificing a male buffalo on the festival of Dusshera. The head of the buffalo has to be severed in one clean sweep of the khukri. Usually the youngest member of the unit gets the privilege.
9. Field Marshal Manekshaw, who’s parent unit was 12th Frontier Force Regiment that moved to the Pakistani Army, became a part of the 8 GR. He would later become the Colonel of the regiment of the unit. He once famously said “If a man says he is not afraid of dying, he is either lying or is a Gorkha.”
10. The war cry of the Gorkha Regiments is ‘Jai Maha Kali, Ayo Gorkhali’ which translates to Hail Goddess Kali, The Gorkhas Are Here.
11. Officers in the Gorkha Regiments of the Indian Army have to learn the Gorkhali language to be able to interact with their men in their native tongue.
12. The current Chief of Army Staff, General Dalbir Singh Suhag is also from the Gorkha Rifles. He was commissioned in 4/5 GR in 1974. And according to the 5 GR tradition, he wears his head gear with the strap below the lower lip. Other GR units wear the chin strap below the jaw.

Source: wiki, IE, Indiatimes, InsightsOnIndia

[Part 2] Useful Image Collection of 2015

Part 1 Link: Click Here

15. Black Money Bill

16. India and China

17. In India Tourism Friendly?

18. Outcomes of Recent Budget Session

19. Child Labour Law

20. India and China the states of play

21. One 'Great Quake' in year, and it hasn't Come yet

22. PM visit China

23. Eye on China

24. RBI plans retail push in T-Bill

25. Creativity is an integral part of everone's life

26. Asia Voice will be stronger in India and China speak in ONE voice

27. Who vs who in Yemen

28. In the Name of Ganga

29. Meaning oney Bill

30. Constitution Amendment

Source: Wiki, Indian Express, The Hindu,BT & Our Teamwork

Yemen Crisis History & Present Scenario

Yemen Crisis History:(Summarized)

• Upto 20th Century, Yemen existed as two separate countries - the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR) in the north and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY) in the south.

• In 1990, the countries chose to unify and create the Republic of Yemen.However, southerners started complaining and rose the conflict.

• By 2011, the country was facing challenges from al Qaeda-linked militants and separatists in the south and Zaydi Shia rebels in the north.

Present scenario:

• yemen is facing civil war with the main fight between forces loyal to the beleaguered President, Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi, and those allied to Zaidi Shia rebels known as Houthis.

• Yemen is strategically important because it sits on the Bab al-Mandab strait, a narrow waterway linking the Red Sea with the Gulf of Aden, through which much of the world's oil shipments pass.

• Egypt and Saudi Arabia fear a Houthi takeover would threaten free passage through the strait and thus are at war against houthis along with support of jordan.morocco and sudan.

April Fools' Day: Origin and History (The uncertain origins of a foolish day)

April Fools' Day: Origin and HistoryApril Fools' Day, sometimes called All Fools' Day, is one of the most light-hearted days of the year. Its origins are uncertain. Some see it as a celebration related to the turn of the seasons, while others believe it stems from the adoption of a new calendar.

Theory - New Year's Day Moves ?

• Ancient cultures, including those of the Romans and Hindus, celebrated New Year's Day on or around April 1.

• In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII ordered a new calendar (the Gregorian Calendar) to replace the old Julian Calendar. The new calendar called for New Year's Day to be celebrated Jan 1. That year, France adopted the reformed calendar and shifted New Year's day to Jan 1. According to a popular explanation, many people either refused to accept the new date, or did not learn about it, and continued to celebrate New Year's Day on April 1. Other people began to make fun of these traditionalists, sending them on "fool's errands" or trying to trick them into believing something false. Eventually, the practice spread throughout Europe.

Problems With This Explanation ?

• There are at least two difficulties with this explanation. The first is that it doesn't fully account for the spread of April Fools' Day to other European countries. The Gregorian calendar was not adopted by England until 1752, for example, but April Fools' Day was already well established there by that point. The second is that we have no direct historical evidence for this explanation, only conjecture, and that conjecture appears to have been made more recently.

Observances Around the World??

• April Fools' Day is observed throughout the Western world. Practices include sending someone on a "fool's errand," looking for things that don't exist; playing pranks; and trying to get people to believe ridiculous things.

• The French call April 1 Poisson d'Avril, or "April Fish." French children sometimes tape a picture of a fish on the back of their schoolmates, crying "Poisson d'Avril" when the prank is discovered.

• explained Prof. Boskin, "it was a very serious day. In those times fools were really wise men. It was the role of jesters to put things in perspective with humor."

HAPPY APRIL FOOL DAY